ICD-10

Closed-loop validation-repair achieves 99% schema compliance for clinical LLMs across healthcare standards

A new arXiv paper evaluates three open-source models (Qwen2.5 7B, Llama 3.1 8B, Gemma2 9B) on schema compliance with ICD-10, CPT, and HL7 FHIR standards across 960 clinical scenario-model pairs. Baseline compliance ranged from 85.9–91.6%, with 96% of failures being representation-level format violations rather than clinical reasoning errors. A closed-loop validation-repair framework raised overall compliance to 99.0%, with most errors resolving in one or two iterations, suggesting this system-level approach is a viable safeguard for healthcare EHR integration.