PALS (Percentile-Aware Layerwise Sparsity) is a one-shot pruning method that assigns per-layer sparsity ratios based on the 99th percentile of activation magnitudes, bounded within ±5% of a target ratio. On LLaMA-2-7B at 50% sparsity, PALS achieves perplexity of 10.96 vs. 12.92 for uniform Wanda, a statistically significant improvement requiring no fine-tuning. However, gains are architecture-dependent: LLaMA-3-8B shows marginal improvement and Mistral-7B shows none. A notable negative finding is that gradient-based allocation performs worse than random, suggesting gradient magnitude is a poor proxy for the impact of discrete weight removal.
PALS is a power-aware inference runtime integrated into vLLM that treats GPU power caps as a first-class scheduling parameter alongside batch size and parallelism settings. Using lightweight offline power-performance models and a feedback-driven controller, it jointly optimizes energy efficiency and throughput targets without model retraining or API changes. Across multi-GPU deployments with both dense and MoE models, PALS achieves up to 26.3% energy efficiency improvement and reduces QoS violations by 4-7x under power constraints, enabling energy-proportional and grid-interactive AI serving.
A new arXiv paper investigates Super Weights — individual LLM parameters whose removal catastrophically degrades performance — and finds that their apparent importance does not translate into trainability. Training Super Weights in isolation (100 to 8,192 parameters) collapses accuracy to random-guessing on OLMo-1B and OLMo-7B, while training an equal number of randomly chosen parameters in the same layers improves over baseline. LoRA, which applies structured low-rank updates across entire layers, succeeds with only 0.16% of parameters, and constraining LoRA updates at Super Weight coordinates yields no benefit. The findings challenge the assumption that parameter importance implies parameter trainability and suggest effective fine-tuning requires structured decompositions over full layers rather than targeted sparse updates.
Researchers propose a PC (preconditioning) layer that applies polynomial preconditioning to reshape the singular-value spectrum of weight matrices during LLM training, improving conditioning stability. The preconditioned weights merge back into the original architecture at inference time with no overhead. Experiments on Llama-1B pre-training show advantages over standard transformers for both AdamW and Muon optimizers, with theoretical convergence guarantees for deep linear networks.
A new arXiv preprint introduces a continual training recipe to convert dense LLMs into channel-sparse models without post-hoc pruning. Starting from a Qwen2.5-8B checkpoint, the method uses a low-rank predictor to gate FFN channel routing, achieving 4x sparsity in FFN intermediate activations via a bank-wise top-k rule at 32K context. The routing module is trained on the main language modeling path, making the resulting sparsity hardware-oriented rather than approximate. The authors also identify and patch a layer-local long-context failure mode on the RULER-CWE benchmark.
Researchers introduce Tapered Language Models (TLMs), an architectural principle that allocates more parameter capacity to earlier layers and less to later layers via a cosine-scheduled MLP width taper, under a fixed total budget. Controlled experiments across three model scales and four architectures (Transformer, Gated Attention, Hope-attention, Titans) show consistent perplexity and downstream benchmark improvements over uniform-width baselines. The finding reframes depth-uniform parameter allocation — a default inherited from the original transformer — as a suboptimal choice, offering a free architectural lever applicable across modern LM families.
A new arXiv paper introduces a method to detect doomed LLM agent episodes early by probing internal hidden-state activations, rather than waiting for observable failure. The approach uses a cascade of calibrated per-round gates with recall budgets, guaranteeing that eventually-successful episodes survive at a user-specified rate. On TextCraft with Qwen-2.5-7B and Llama-3.2-3B, the cascade saves 37–47% of inference compute at a 90% recall target, outperforming behavior-only baselines by roughly 2x. The work provides both a practical deployment mechanism and theoretical guidance on sample complexity for certifying high recall targets.
A new arXiv preprint models user-LLM interaction as a bilevel cheap-talk game and derives PAC-Bayes bounds showing two irreducible limitations: an 'expressivity floor' where language's finite channel capacity makes distinct tasks indistinguishable, and an 'objective-misalignment floor' where alignment constraints prevent reaching user-ideal outputs. The authors prove that prompt-conditioned LLMs cannot be universal problem solvers, as correct behavior on certain task families is provably unattainable even with infinite data, optimal training, or model scaling. The work suggests multimodal inputs and external memory as potential mitigations by increasing task-relevant information bandwidth.
This paper introduces the Parametric Memory Law, a power-law relationship linking loss reduction to effective parameters and sequence length during LoRA-based LLM finetuning. The authors identify a phase transition at the token level where prediction probability p > 0.5 constitutes a sufficient condition for verbatim recall under greedy decoding. Building on these findings, they propose MemFT, a threshold-guided optimization strategy that dynamically reallocates training budget toward sub-threshold tokens, improving memory fidelity and efficiency.