AutoForest: End-to-End LLM System for Automated Forest Plot Generation from Biomedical Studies
AutoForest is presented as the first end-to-end system that generates publication-ready forest plots directly from biomedical papers using large language models. The system automatically suggests ICO (Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) elements, extracts outcome data, performs statistical synthesis, and renders forest plots without manual intervention. A user study with clinicians demonstrates its effectiveness on real-world examples, aiming to accelerate systematic review and meta-analysis workflows.
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Automated ICD Classification of Psychiatric Diagnoses Using NLP and LLMs
This study evaluates NLP and ML approaches for automating the mapping of free-text psychiatric descriptions to ICD diagnostic codes, using a dataset of 145,513 Spanish clinical records. Methods range from classical BoW/TF-IDF representations to transformer-based embeddings including e5_large, BioLORD, and Llama-3-8B. Fine-tuned e5_large achieved the best performance with a micro-F1 of 0.866, outperforming classical methods by capturing semantic nuance and medical terminology. The work highlights challenges of long-tail label distributions and ambiguity specific to psychiatric clinical language.
MetaSyn benchmark reveals critical screening bottleneck in LLM-based meta-analysis pipelines
Researchers introduce MetaSyn, a dataset of 442 expert-curated meta-analyses from Nature Portfolio journals, paired with a 140k-article PubMed retrieval corpus, PI/ECO criteria, verified positives, and hard negatives. Benchmarking twelve pipeline configurations — nine RAG variants and a protocol-driven agent — shows that despite 90.9% retrieval recall at K=200, no system recovers more than 52.7% of ground-truth included studies. The core failure is LLMs' inability to reliably distinguish eligible studies from topically similar but criteria-failing distractors. The paper argues that end-to-end scores obscure where pipelines break down and proposes stage-attributed metrics.
AutoLab benchmark evaluates frontier models on ultra long-horizon iterative research and engineering tasks
AutoLab is a new benchmark of 36 expert-curated tasks across system optimization, puzzle-solving, model development, and CUDA kernel optimization, designed to test agents on sustained closed-loop improvement under wall-clock budgets rather than single-turn or short-horizon settings. Evaluation of 17 frontier models finds that persistence in iterative benchmarking and feedback incorporation — not initial attempt quality — is the dominant success predictor. Claude Opus 4.6 stands out as the strongest performer, while most models including proprietary ones either terminate early or exhaust budgets with minimal progress. The benchmark, harness, and task artifacts are open-sourced.
LLUMI: Fine-Tuning Open-Source LLMs for Mental Health Writing Assistance Using Reddit Community Feedback
LLUMI is a two-component system (a generation model and an improvement model) designed to provide mental health writing assistance using smaller open-source LLMs hosted in privacy-preserving, on-premise environments. The system leverages Reddit community endorsement signals (upvotes/downvotes) to construct preference pairs for SFT and DPO training, then further aligns outputs via human evaluation across readability, empathy, connection, actionability, and safety dimensions. Results show LLUMI achieves performance comparable to proprietary GPT-based models on linguistic and human evaluations, suggesting community-derived preference signals can substitute for expensive expert labeling in sensitive domains.
ATLAS: Active learning framework for automated discovery of interpretable behavioral models in cognitive science
ATLAS (Active Theory Learning for Automated Science) is a new active learning framework that iterates between generating mechanistic hypotheses as sparse neural network ensembles and designing maximally informative experiments to distinguish between them. The system is tested on recovering reinforcement learning agents from behavioral data in bandit tasks, achieving 5-10x sample efficiency improvements over random experimentation and matching expert-designed experiments from the literature. The work targets automated scientific discovery in cognitive science, with potential generalization to other domains requiring mechanistic modeling.
ClaMPAPP: Hybrid LLM-ML system uses language models as interfaces for pediatric appendicitis diagnosis
Researchers introduce ClaMPAPP, a hybrid clinical decision support system that uses an LLM solely for structured feature extraction from free-text clinical notes, then passes validated features to an XGBoost classifier for final diagnosis. Evaluated on two independent German pediatric appendicitis cohorts, ClaMPAPP outperformed end-to-end LLM baselines on diagnostic performance and showed greater robustness to narrative reordering. The work formalizes an 'LLM-as-interface, ML-as-predictor' design pattern that separates natural-language usability from predictive inference, offering a more auditable pathway for clinical AI.
Automated Benchmark Auditing for AI Agents and Large Language Models (ABA)
The paper introduces Auto Benchmark Audit (ABA), an agentic framework that systematically audits AI benchmark tasks for issues such as ambiguous specifications, environment conflicts, and incorrect ground truths. Applied to 168 benchmarks across nine domains including NeurIPS publications, ABA identifies critical issues in over 25.7% of evaluated tasks. The authors demonstrate that filtering out flawed tasks materially shifts model rankings and improves average performance on SWE-bench Verified and Terminal-Bench 2 by 9.9% and 9.6% respectively, indicating that current benchmark scores are significantly distorted by task quality problems. The agentic tool and annotations are released publicly.
RubricsTree: Scalable hierarchical rubric framework for evaluating personal health AI agents
RubricsTree is a new evaluation framework for LLM-powered personal health agents, built around a hierarchical taxonomy of over 100 clinically-verifiable Boolean rubrics derived from 4,000 real user queries and curated with physician oversight. A context-aware router activates only relevant rubrics per query, enabling scalable yet expert-aligned evaluation. The framework outperforms strong LLM-as-a-judge baselines on expert alignment and, when used as training signal, yields up to ~66% relative gains on HealthBench across Gemini, GPT, and Qwen model families. The work addresses a concrete bottleneck in clinical deployment of health AI: the cost-quality tradeoff in evaluation.